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We often come across news of EVs catching fire or batteries overheating and exploding. To address this, our Electric Vehicle Safety project focuses on protecting the motor and battery from short circuits using relays in electric vehicles.
The world relies heavily on crude oil, such as petrol and diesel, for vehicle energy. However, these fossil fuels are limited and not sustainable for the long term. That’s why there is growing interest in finding solutions through electrical power.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity as an alternative to traditional fuel-powered cars. However, EVs face challenges with various components, including motor malfunctions, battery overheating, power losses, and coil heating.
Also Read: Fast Charging Batteries for EVs
Electric Vehicle Safety System
Accidental short circuits can occur when the terminals of batteries or power supplies connect improperly. This can cause them to become hot, degrade, and even produce sparks.
Short circuit protection plays a vital role in preventing excessive current flow. It detects overcurrent situations and instantly interrupts the circuit to prevent damage or hazards.
Components Required:
| Parts List | |
| Semiconductors: | |
| LED1 | – 5mm green LED |
| LED2 | – 5mm red LED |
| Resistor (1/4-watt, ±5% carbon): | |
| R1 | -1-kilo-ohm |
| Miscellaneous: | |
| Batt.1 | 12V DC battery, 7Ah or more |
| S1 | – 6 Amps on/off |
| S2 | -Push to on switch |
| PZ1 | -Piezo buzzer |
| RL1 | -12V, 1CO relay |
| M1 | -12V DC Motor |
Electric Vehicle Safety System – Working
To operate this project, we have listed the components above, and designing the circuit is very simple and easy to understand.
In step 1 of the operation, the relay circuit is normally open and a red LED glows when we connect a power source to the input terminal of the circuit.
In step 2 when we press the bell push button, a coil of the relay becomes active and it switches from normally closed to normally open contact. In this condition Green LED and motor are ON and start to operate i.e. the vehicle starts to operate.
In step 3 here manually short-circuited the terminals of the motor to understand the shot circuit condition in EV the voltage across the motor is led to zero so the relay becomes discharged because both the relay and motor are connected in parallel as shown in the prototype as well as in circuit diagram.
In step 4 if the relay is discharged, then the Red LED and buzzer both are ON and thus motor and battery are separated and protected.
We have also covered the complete guide to design your own Electric Vehicle Charging Solution.
Electric Vehicle Safety System – Circuit Diagram
Also Check: Thermal Management System for EVs
Conclusion:
The conclusion of this Electric Vehicle Safety System project is that we designed a prototype for resolving the problems of short circuits in electrical vehicles and we tested that we can save the motor after short circuit as well battery for discharging after a short circuit.
Therefore, the life span of batteries increases and we know that batteries and motors are the main parts of EVs and batteries are expensive.
So with this circuit, we can protect the motors and batteries of electric vehicles.
In conclusion, as electric vehicles become increasingly prevalent on our roads, the need for robust safety systems to protect against short circuits is of paramount importance.
Electric Vehicle Safety Systems (EVSS) play a crucial role in monitoring, detecting, and mitigating the risks associated with short circuits within the vehicle’s electrical system.
By integrating advanced technologies, intelligent monitoring, and rapid response protocols, EVSS ensures the safety of passengers, emergency responders, and the environment.
The continuous evolution and refinement of EVSS are essential to instill confidence in the widespread adoption of electric vehicles and ensure a safer and more sustainable future.
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